Introduction

The digital age and its challenges for children and adolescents

Cyberspace has become deeply and ubiquitously integrated into the lives of children and adolescents. From access to educational resources and entertainment platforms to social communication and identity building, the internet and digital technologies are fundamental tools in their development. However, this digital immersion is not without significant challenges. Exposure to inappropriate content, interaction with strangers, online harassment (cyberbullying), and the associated risks to the privacy and security of personal data are growing concerns for parents, educators, and society at large (Álvarez Valenzuela, 2019). Rapid technological evolution constantly introduces new platforms and forms of interaction, requiring continuous adaptation of protection strategies.